John Hird is a member of Socialismo Revolucionario (ISA in the Spanish State).
All Power to the Balconies!
The COVID-19 crisis in the Spanish state, came to International attention on 6 March, when 60 cases in Haro, a small town in the La Rioja wine region, were traced to a funeral in the nearby Basque capital, Vitoria-Gasteiz. Just over two weeks later the main hospital in Gasteiz, Txagorritxu, is near collapse and we are into our second week of total lockdown.
On Saturday 21 March, Pedro Sanchez, the Spanish President, announced a 15-day extension of the original State of Emergency which will extend the lock-down into April. Sanchez said, “The worst is yet to come….”. For health workers and the general population, this is hard to imagine, given what they have already gone through.
In the 24 hours between 21 and 22 March, 400 people died from the Covid-19 virus in the Spanish state.
At the time of writing, almost 3,500 health professionals have been infected, representing 12% of the total of 28,572 confirmed cases. This is a worrying sign and is connected to the lack of supply of protective clothing, masks and safety material for staff. Photos have circulated on social media of staff improvising aprons using plastic bags.
“I’ve never experienced anything like it. The ICU [Intensive Care Unit] is a very intensive job, but now we are overwhelmed, you can’t even leave to pee,” says a doctor quoted in El Pais, at the Getafe hospital in the Madrid region, which has been hardest hit by the coronavirus outbreak. Intensive Care Units have become filled with seriously ill patients, some sedated, others incubated. All are hooked up to various tubes. They are alone, in some cases, until their death. All have the same diagnosis: Covid-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
All over the Spanish state there is an unstoppable avalanche of patients, although it is the Madrid region, where 60% of all coronavirus fatalities have occurred so far. The Spanish health service is administered by each autonomous region, which means there are marked differences in the actual state of the service. Madrid in particular has suffered vicious cuts and privatisations during the neoliberal rule of the right wing PP party.
Health workers have complained that due to privatisation and subcontracting in Madrid that they regularly receive bedsheets and gowns from hospital laundries, “stained with shit, piss and blood.”
Generally patients with the virus take a long time to recover, remaining on average two to three weeks in hospital, which is putting an enormous strain on a stretched health service. The present reality is showing millions that the health service is not prepared for a catastrophic emergency of such proportions and this is directly due to the cuts.
Patients have the same pathology: serious pneumonia that requires emergency intubation and connection to a ventilator which requires enough staff and of course ventilators, which there is a shortage of.
“They are not doing the tests that they should. They are facing sick people with a very high viral load. They are very worried about the lack of protective gear,” says Guadalupe Fontán, from the Spanish Nurses’ Association. The lack of tests is again due to lack of resources.
The situation is harrowing for staff. Family members are not allowed to accompany sick relatives. They are given audio messages by staff who then suffer the anguish of seeing someone dying completely alone on their shifts.
Txagorritxu was the first site of an outbreak of the virus in Álava province. A chain of infections among health workers aggravated the situation, until many of them were forced to go into quarantine. The lack of health professionals is being alleviated thanks to the solidarity of and huge efforts being made by the personnel currently combatting the virus, albeit, they complain, with a lack of protective material and resources.
Numbers are rising every 24 hours but on Sunday 22 March, there were 111 more cases in Gasteiz and the county of Alava, which was 72 more than the increase of the previous day. Txagorritxu is the hospital where half of the Covid-19 patients are being treated in the Basque Country with a total of 326 hospitalised, 60 deceased and more than 900 infected with 31 in intensive care.
Of the 470 beds in Txagorritxu, around 270 are occupied by coronavirus patients.
Ambulances bringing patients to the emergency room sometimes pass the funeral cars taking away the bodies in the tunnel that leads to the building.
Crisis Made Worse Due to Cuts and Profiteering
The question of why the COVID-19 virus is spreading so rapidly in Spain needs to be addressed. A major factor is obviously the aging population but this could have been mitigated with a fully funded and staffed health service. The callous way older people have been left to die in care homes is a consequence of privatisation and the profit system.
This was disaster waiting to happen and the blame lies squarely at the door of the profiteering politicians and capitalist vultures who have sucked the health and care services dry.
In 2018, 270,000 people were diagnosed with cancer in Spain, which is a personal trauma, yet for the drug companies it is a source of profit. The over-priced medicines and treatments for cancer have given the drug companies their biggest bonanza in 100 years. A truly socialised health system would operate with a nationalised drug industry that would be at the service of the people and not exist solely for profit. It would also promote prevention and healthy living and integrate the medical care of the elderly into the service and not see them as a mere source of profit.
It is not often reported but many health workers suffer illnesses and even death due to occupational hazards. Only in Euskadi in the last ten years, 578 health workers have died in the course of and due to their work. As serious as the COVID-19 crisis is it would take another twenty years for the same number of health workers to die because of the virus.
The fundamental point being that the social and medical crisis we are living through at the moment is not due to COVID-19 alone but a symptom of an underfunded and neglected health service.
Senior Citizens Left to Die in Care Homes
“If he gets infected, no one will do anything to help him” was the anguished comment from a daughter about her father who is isolated in a Madrid care home.
There are 425 care homes in Madrid and senior citizens are literally being left to die there.
El Pais reported that ambulances do not come to retirement homes: “Emergency services told me they couldn’t help us,” said a family member.
Parents and grandparents are being left to die because they are considered lost causes, as they have prior medical conditions or are of an advanced age. One worker said they had been looking for someone to help a 91-year-old man who was struggling to breathe for a few days. Finally, a doctor visited him and said he was a “possible Covid-19” case but did not have a kit to confirm the diagnosis.
“We have called 112 [for emergency services] seven times and nothing. After waiting two hours, they told me in an unfriendly tone that they couldn’t help us,” said an anonymous care worker.
Many care workers have continued to work without gloves or face masks. The CSIT union announced that it was going to file a complaint with Work Inspection against the directors of care homes who were not providing staff with the protective gear needed to avoid infection with the virus.
Some workers said that they had been using kitchen gloves in the care homes, while others said they have been sharing what little protective gear they had between them.
In one home there were 10 bodies in the basement awaiting collection by the funeral home, according to several eyewitnesses.
The authorities have done little to protect older people in care homes, which are not being protected with all the resources available. The virus is killing a generation. And the worst thing is not that loved ones are dying, it is how they are dying. Many older people are leaving this life alone and this will not be forgotten or forgiven.
The question of care for retired and older citizens is an absolutely burning and scandalous issue in the Spanish state. The whole sector is a money making racket and is rife with corruption, poor standards and terrible conditions for mostly immigrant workers. I live above a care home and know that residents are paying over €2,000 a month. Most are forced to remortgage or sell their homes in order to afford care.
In a private care home in Tomelloso, Castilla-La Mancha, 15 residents died last week. The centre was managed by an unqualified person and PP councillor who had assured family members that everything was ok when they raised concerns. The centre had not even bothered to have a doctor on staff despite the profits the “business” was making.
The COVID-19 virus has exposed a rotten care system and families have every right to demand investigations and prosecutions of the guilty, but we must go further. The workers’ movement must demand and campaign for all private care homes to be brought under local and state control. We need a elderly care system which really looks after older citizens and does not treat them as a source of quick profits for business. Older people are not expendable!
Rapidly Changing Consciousness
At the beginning of the crisis in Gasteiz there was a round table on the radio with hospital managers, a Basque government representative and a union doctor and nurse. During the discussion the presenter tried to steer the program towards the safe ground of “hero health workers, everyone in it together…” The young nurse and member of the militant Basque union, ELA, insisted on having her say on health service cuts. She accused the hospital management and Basque government of implementing 10 years of cuts. “You never listened when we demonstrated and went on strike. This crisis is worse because of you.” The government representative had nothing to say.
There are viral videos of doctors and nurses doing the rounds condemning the cuts to the health service in Madrid. On one of the main morning chat shows, a doctor was cut off in a live interview by Ana Rosa Quintana (daytime TV host), when he condemned the PP for “ten years of cuts and privatisations, which have ruined the Madrid health service.”
The government and Spanish ruling class through their kept press is desperate to push their narrative of the whole Spanish nation being “all in it together” but in a rapidly moving situation consciousness is changing in front of our eyes.
Health workers are making it clear that it is harder to fight the virus because, in effect, investment in the health service stopped at the beginning of the last economic downturn ten years ago. Conditions and salaries are worse, morale is lower, there are less beds and longer waiting lists with a bigger and older population.
When Sanchez first called the State of Emergency he made a point of saying the banks would stay open, which provoked a debate online in millions of homes about what constituted an essential industry. Spanish capitalism wanted to ensure that manufacturing continued. However, the organised working class had other ideas. In Vitoria-Gasteiz, workers in the 5,000-strong Mercedes car factory took collective action to close down production.
The union committee raised with management that the workers had unsafe working conditions such as having to work too close together with no real safety instructions given. The management said that Mercedes’ HQ in Germany had said they had to keep producing vans. The committee contacted the office of Inspection of Workplace which did not respond and so then called the police. The workers then walked off the assembly line and production stopped.
The next day Michelin, which employs another 3,000 workers in the city, also closed down production. Mercedes has applied for a ERTE which is a temporary closure with some guarantees and pay for workers. Other smaller companies are still working, which is a cause of conflict. Events in Mercedes showed that it was the power of the organised workers which closed the biggest factory in the Basque Country. The bosses wanted to continue making profits but the workers decided what was best for society as a whole.
All Power to the Balconies! (For Now)
A traditional protest in many latin countries is the “cacerolada” when people bang pots and pans from their balconies in protest. From the first day of the lock down people have held “caceroladas” in solidarity with health workers and they are becoming increasingly political.
Last week the new Spanish King announced live on TV that he was in effect “divorcing” his father, the old King, Juan Carlos, after news came out that he had been given $100 million by the theocratic and corrupt Saudi regime. Millions of people went out onto their balconies demanding Juan Carlos donate the money to the fight against the COVID-19 virus.
An opinion poll published in La Vanguardia newspaper asked the question: Does Covid-19 prove that it is better to invest more in public health and research? An amazing 97.75% said yes!
During this crisis, wide layers of the population and working class are looking to the health workers for a lead. The collective, concentrated experience of the last few weeks will not be easily forgotten. Workers instinctively know who is giving a lead, who is sacrificing for the common good and whose fault the lack of equipment and materials is. La Vanguardia also reported that 81.65% of the population do not think all is being done to fight the virus.
There is a widespread feeling of solidarity and desire to cooperate in the fight against the virus, yet the Spanish state returns to its roots during any crisis, threatening fines and force if the central power is not obeyed.
There have been clashes between the Basque and Catalan governments on one side and the central Spanish government on the other, over which authority decides crucial issues like closing down wider sectors of industry. The Catalan President, Quim Torra, was publicly attacked by Spanish ministers for wanting to go further than the Spanish state by completely sealing off and closing down Catalonia.
Basque politicians have complained that it is unnecessary to deploy Spanish troops in Euskadi (the Basque autonomous region), which is obviously a sensitive issue. Basque Left nationalists have accused the Spanish government of introducing the notorious Article 155, which imposes central control in the regions, “by stealth.” In the longer term, the underlying national antagonisms will inevitably break out again, although they will be mostly contained during this crisis.
Economic Consequences
Between 2014 and 2019 there were 27,171 companies that applied for 36,141 ERTE (temporary closures), which affected 409,548 workers. Almost the same number of workers have been affected by ERTEs in Catalonia and Andalusia alone in the last week!
According to an initial estimate made by the Centro Predicción Económica (Ceprede) of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for the employers’ association, Cepyme, between two and 2.5 million workers could be affected by an ERTE in the next two to three months. If this is even partly true, the social and economic consequences will be unpredictable. Such a devastating economic storm and reduction in living standards would come in the middle of an unstable political climate in which the traditional parties have spent months trying to stitch together a coalition government in an already highly polarised society.
There are 3.2 million self-employed workers, many of whom are “false self employed,” for example, low paid delivery workers and cleaners. Already, organisations and groups are springing up demanding that the government cancel rents on dwellings and offices while the crisis lasts.
Low paid self-employed workers are being hit hard because the high social security payments in Spain are not being cancelled, only suspended (to be paid later). This could ruin thousands of bar owners and many other groups of workers.
A grassroots campaign has said that if rents are not cancelled during the crisis they will organise the biggest rent strike ever seen in Spanish history!
What Happens Next?
A letter signed by 70 Spanish scientists has demanded that the government implement an immediate and total confinement of the population, without permission to work and other activities, to try to avoid the total collapse of the health system in Spain due to the coronavirus epidemic, which they estimate will occur, in the current circumstances, next Wednesday, March 25.
The scientists have outlined three possible scenarios:
Scenario 1: in which there are no mobility restrictions. The contagion curve grows upwards in an increasingly vertical manner. This will inevitably cause the collapse of most of the regional health systems within the Spanish state.
Scenario 2: A partial mobility restriction, where labour mobility is allowed at 50%, which is the current situation in Spain. The contagion curve is much more attenuated than in the first of the scenarios, but it is insufficient, according to the report, to contain it with a tendency to be increasingly horizontal.
Scenario 3: The document shows the infection curve when there is a “total restriction of mobility (no labour mobility is allowed, except in essential services)” and this is the situation recommended by the 70 scientists who signed the document. This is the scenario that workers in Mercedes and other workplaces have attempted to implement, although up to now, the Spanish state has attempted to keep manufacturing industry open, which as the situation in Italy has shown, is a criminal mistake with deadly consequences.
There will be a “before and after” the 2020 COVID-19 crisis – a crisis that has laid bare the real situation facing Spanish capitalism. All the old rubbish, the corruption and greed of big business, which they try to sweep under the carpet, has been revealed for millions to see. La Liga is cancelled and the day time chat shows have to talk about the crisis. No distractions. Millions are watching and deciding for themselves on the big questions.
Of course, capitalism pushes its narrative through the media and at the same time tries to do a bit of business. The production of surgical masks has increased by a staggering 8,000% despite the question marks over their usefulness to prevent the spread of the virus.
The centralisation of power in the Spanish state during the crisis is a reflection of the outlook of the capitalist class. They fear the economic and social consequences of the virus as much as they fear the solidarity and power of the working class. They use fear and control of important information as a way to prepare the ground for people to accept that the resulting “reality” of the coming economic crash and depression is somehow inevitable like a bad cold or even influenza! They are also constantly looking to blame someone for this crisis. When the virus first started spreading in Alava, the press pinpointed Romani people from Haro who had somehow “irresponsibly” attended a family funeral in Vitoria.
The question this crisis puts on the table is what kind of society do we want to live in? Like most in Europe, the Spanish government is putting the onus on the individual to passively stay at home and let the authorities and experts sort everything out while at the same time relying on the sacrifice and solidarity of health and other workers.
A pandemic of these proportions cannot be fought successfully and in the long term by a society based on the selfishness and greed of the profit system. The fact that governments have been forced by events to collectivise resources and in effect temporarily nationalise key services, against their ideological beliefs, will not be lost amongst broad layers of society.
The European Union has shown little practical solidarity with Italy and Spain and has been exposed as being more concerned with protecting the capitalist system than giving real practical help. Yet the need for real international solidarity and cooperation to fight the COVID-19 virus is there for all to see. Lessons are being learned.
Of course, there is also fear at the moment and many people feel isolated but we will confront this fear together as a class, thinking critically and acting together collectively. The ruling class want to paralyse our ability to organise against the economic hardship they believe is necessary to impose to maintain their rotten system. They will not succeed. The tables have already started to turn.
